Biomedical Field

• Cell Growth and Proliferation Regulation: Polyamines are essential for cell growth and division. They interact with nucleic acids, proteins, and cell membranes, influencing the structure and function of these biomolecules. For example, they can bind to DNA, affecting its conformation and regulating gene expression, which is crucial for the normal growth and development of cells. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis or uptake can lead to cell growth arrest, making polyamines potential targets for cancer therapy.
• Drug Delivery: Polyamines can be used to modify drug carriers. Their positive charge allows them to interact with negatively charged cell membranes, enhancing the uptake of drug - loaded carriers by cells. This property is particularly useful in targeted drug delivery systems, improving the efficiency and reducing the side effects of drugs.
• Neuroprotection: In the nervous system, polyamines play a role in protecting neurons. They can regulate the activity of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Some studies have shown that polyamines may have a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Agricultural Field

• Plant Growth Promotion: Polyamines are involved in various physiological processes of plants, such as seed germination, root and shoot growth, and flower and fruit development. They can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants, improve the ability of plants to resist environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold, and promote the growth and development of plants.
• Disease Resistance: Polyamines can induce the expression of defense - related genes in plants, enhance the plant's immune response, and improve its resistance to pathogens. For example, exogenous application of polyamines can increase the content of phytoalexins and pathogenesis - related proteins in plants, thereby enhancing the plant's resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases.

Industrial Field

• Water Treatment: Polyamines are used as flocculants in water treatment. Their positive charge can neutralize the negative charge of suspended particles in water, causing the particles to aggregate and precipitate, thereby improving the clarity of water. Compared with traditional inorganic flocculants, polyamine - based flocculants have the advantages of high flocculation efficiency, low dosage, and good dewatering performance.
• Paper Industry: In the paper industry, polyamines are used as wet - end additives. They can improve the retention and drainage of paper - making fibers and fillers, enhance the strength and quality of paper, and reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy.
• Textile Industry: Polyamines can be used as textile finishing agents. They can improve the dye - ability and anti - static properties of textiles, making the fabric feel softer and more comfortable.