Latex liquid polymer equivalent to Nalco 85254 RRA used for settling clarifier of the red mud
Latex liquid polymer equivalent to Nalco 85254 RRA. This polymer is based on a copolymer between Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide having very high molecular weight and very high anionic charge. This polymer is used in the settling clarifier of the red mud
Liquid anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) plays a crucial role in the alumina production process, specifically in the clarification of red mud. Understanding
its function requires a comprehensive look at the overall alumina production process, the nature of red mud, and how anionic PAM works within this
context.
Alumina Production Overview
Alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3) is primarily extracted from bauxite ore through the Bayer process. This process involves several key steps:
Bauxite Digestion: Bauxite, containing aluminumbearing minerals like gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore, is mixed with a hot, concentrated solution
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This process dissolves the aluminum-bearing minerals, forming sodium aluminate.
Clarification: The resulting slurry contains undissolved bauxite residues, known as red mud. This mud must be separated from the sodium aluminate
solution.
Precipitation and Calcination: Aluminum hydroxide is precipitated from the clear sodium aluminate solution and then calcined (heated) to produce
alumina.
Red Mud: Composition and Challenges
Red mud is a complex mixture consisting of undissolved bauxite residues, fine particles of silica, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, and other impurities.
Its management poses significant environmental and operational challenges:
High Alkalinity: Red mud is highly alkaline (pH 10-13), making it corrosive and challenging to handle.
Large Volumes: For every ton of alumina produced, about 1-2 tons of red mud are generated.
Fine Particles: The small particle size makes it difficult to separate red mud from the liquid efficiently.
Role of Liquid Anionic Polyacrylamide
Anionic PAM, a water-soluble polymer, is used in the clarification process to enhance the sedimentation of red mud particles. Its mode of action and benefits include:
Flocculation: Anionic PAM acts as a flocculant, causing fine red mud particles to clump together into larger aggregates (flocs). This process is
facilitated by the negatively charged anionic groups in PAM, which interact with the positively charged sites on red mud particles.
Improved Sedimentation: Larger flocs settle more rapidly than individual fine particles, speeding up the clarification process.
Enhanced Clarification Efficiency: With the use of anionic PAM, the clarity of the supernatant liquid (sodium aluminate solution) is improved,
ensuring a more efficient recovery of alumina.
Reduced Environmental Impact: Efficient red mud sedimentation minimizes the suspension of fine particles, reducing the risk of environmental
contamination.
Application and Dosage
The effectiveness of anionic PAM depends on several factors:
Molecular Weight and Charge Density: The specific molecular weight and charge density of the PAM must be tailored to the properties of the red mud.
Dosage: The amount of PAM used is critical. Overdosing can cause excessive sludge production, while underdosing may lead to inadequate flocculation.
Mixing Conditions: Proper mixing ensures uniform dispersion of PAM and efficient flocculation.